AWS important questions

 Which pillar of the AWS Well-Architected Framework recommends maintaining infrastructure as code?

Operational Excellence

Which of the following options are the benefits of using AWS Elastic Load Balancing (ELB)? (Select TWO)

High Availability, Agility

Which of the following is a container service of AWS?

AWS Fargate

Which of the following are the best practices when using AWS Organizations? (Select TWO)

Restrict account privileges using Service Control Policies (SCP, Create accounts per department

A Cloud Practitioner would like to get operational insights of its resources to quickly identify any issues that might impact applications using those resources. Which AWS service can help with this task?

AWS Systems Manager

Which of the following are the serverless computing services offered by AWS (Select two)

AWS Lambda, AWS Fargate

An IT company has a hybrid cloud architecture and it wants to centralize the server logs for its EC2 instances and on-premises servers. Which of the following is the MOST effective for this use-case?

Use CloudWatch Logs for both the EC2 instance and the on-premises servers

A financial services enterprise plans to enable Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) for its employees. For ease of travel, they prefer not to use any physical devices to implement MFA. Which of the below options is best suited for this use case?

Virtual MFA device

Which of the following are advantages of using the AWS Cloud? (Select TWO)

Increase speed and agility, Stop guessing about capacity

A company uses reserved EC2 instances across multiple units with each unit having its own AWS account. However, some of the units under-utilize their reserved instances while other units need more reserved instances. As a Cloud Practitioner, which of the following would you recommend as the most cost-optimal solution?

Use AWS Organizations to manage AWS accounts of all units and then share the reserved EC2 instances amongst all units

Which of the following AWS authentication mechanisms supports a Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) device that you can plug into a USB port on your computer?

U2F security key

Which AWS service can be used to subscribe to an RSS feed to be notified of the status of all AWS service interruptions?

AWS Service Health Dashboard

Which policy describes prohibited uses of the web services offered by Amazon Web Services?

AWS Acceptable Use Policy

Which benefit of Cloud Computing allows AWS to offer lower pay-as-you-go prices as usage from hundreds of thousands of customers is aggregated in the cloud?

Massive economies of scale

An organization maintains a separate Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) for each of its business units. Two units need to privately share data. Which is the most optimal way of privately sharing data between the two VPCs?

VPC Peering

A multi-national corporation wants to get expert professional advice on migrating to AWS and managing their applications on AWS Cloud. Which of the following entities would you recommend for this engagement?

APN Consulting Partner

Due to regulatory and compliance reasons, an organization is supposed to use a hardware device for any data encryption operations in the cloud. Which AWS service can be used to meet this compliance requirement?

AWS CloudHSM

Which AWS service can be used to automate code deployment to EC2 instances as well as on-premises instances?

AWS CodeDeploy

A medical device company is looking for a durable and cost-effective way of storing their historic data. Due to compliance requirements, the data must be stored for 10 years. Which AWS Storage solution will you suggest?

S3 Glacier Deep Archive

Which AWS Route 53 routing policy would you use to route traffic to multiple resources and also choose how much traffic is routed to each resource?

Weighted routing policy

An AWS user is trying to launch an EC2 instance in a given region. What is the region-specific constraint that the Amazon Machine Image (AMI) must meet so that it can be used for this EC2 instance?

You must use an AMI from the same region as that of the EC2 instance. The region of the AMI has no bearing on the performance of the EC2 instance.

A startup runs its proprietary application on docker containers. As a Cloud Practitioner, which AWS service would you recommend so that the startup can run containers and still have access to the underlying servers?

Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS)

What is the primary benefit of deploying an RDS database in a Read Replica configuration?

Read Replica improves databases scalability

A start-up would like to quickly deploy a popular technology on AWS. As a Cloud Practitioner, which AWS tool would you use for this task?

AWS Quick Starts references

Which of the following AWS Support plans provides access to online training with self-paced labs?

Enterprise

An IT company is on a cost-optimization spree and wants to identify all EC2 instances that are under-utilized. Which AWS services can be used to address this use-case? (Select two)

AWS Trusted Advisor, AWS Cost Explorer

A photo sharing web application wants to store thumbnails of user-uploaded images on Amazon S3. The thumbnails are rarely used but need to be immediately accessible from the web application. The thumbnails can be regenerated easily if they are lost. Which is the most cost-effective way to store these thumbnails on S3?

Use S3 One-Zone Infrequent Access (One-Zone IA) to store the thumbnails

A company would like to optimize Amazon EC2 costs. Which of the following actions can help with this task? (Select TWO)

Set up Auto Scaling groups to align the number of instances with demand, Purchase EC2 Reserved instances

Which of the following AWS services are part of the AWS Foundation services for the Reliability pillar of the Well-Architected Framework in AWS Cloud? (Select two)

AWS Service Quotes, AWS Trusted Advisor

A silicon valley based healthcare startup stores anonymized patient health data on Amazon S3. The CTO further wants to ensure that any sensitive data on S3 is discovered and identified. As a Cloud Practitioner, which AWS service would you recommend addressing this use-case?

Amazon Macie

Multi AZ (Availability Zone) deployment is an example of which of the following?

High Availability

AWS Organizations provides which of the following benefits? (Select two)

Share the reserved EC2 instances amongst the member AWS accounts, Volume discounts for Amazon EC2 and Amazon S3 aggregated across the member AWS accounts

A Cloud Practitioner would like to deploy identical resources across all regions and accounts using templates while estimating costs. Which AWS service can assist with this task?

AWS CloudFormation

A unicorn startup is building an analytics application with support for a speech-based interface. The application will accept speech-based input from users and then convey results via speech. As a Cloud Practitioner, which solution would you recommend for the given use-case?

Use Amazon Transcribe to convert speech to text for downstream analysis. Then use Amazon Polly to convey the text results via speech

A corporation would like to have a central user portal to log in to third-party business applications as well as accounts managed under AWS Organizations. As a Cloud Practitioner, which AWS service would you use for this task?

AWS Single Sign On (SSO)

A data analytics company is running a proprietary batch analytics application on AWS and wants to use a storage service which would be accessed by hundreds of EC2 instances simultaneously to append data to existing files. As a Cloud Practitioner, which AWS service would you suggest for this use-case?

EFS

Which of the following S3 storage classes takes the most time to retrieve data (also known as first byte latency)?

S3 Glacier Deep Archive

Which of the following AWS services can be used to forecast your AWS account usage and costs?

AWS Cost Explorer

A financial services company wants to ensure that its AWS account activity meets the governance, compliance and auditing norms. As a Cloud Practitioner, which AWS service would you recommend for this use-case?

CloudTrail

A company would like to separate cost for AWS services by the department for cost allocation. Which of the following is the simplest way to achieve this task?

Create tags for each department

Which AWS service can help you analyze your infrastructure to identify unattached or underutilized EBS volumes?

AWS Trusted Advisor

Which AWS service can be used to review the compliance and governance-related documents on AWS?

Artifact

An IT company wants to run a log backup process every Monday at 2 AM. The usual runtime of the process is 5 minutes. As a Cloud Practitioner, which AWS services would you recommend to build a serverless solution for this use-case? (Select two)

Lambda, CloudWatch

Which of the following is a hybrid storage service that allows on-premises applications to access data on AWS Cloud?

AWS Storage Gateway

Which of the following statements is the MOST accurate when describing AWS Elastic Beanstalk?

It is a Platform as a Service (PaaS) which allows you to deploy and scale web applications and services

Which of the following are correct statements regarding the AWS Shared Responsibility Model? (Select two)

For abstracted services like Amazon S3, AWS operates the infrastructure layer, the operating system, and platforms; AWS is responsible for Security "of" the Cloud

A startup wants to provision an EC2 instance for the lowest possible cost for a long-term duration but needs to make sure that the instance would never be interrupted. As a Cloud Practitioner, which of the following options would you recommend?

Reserved Instance

Which of the following AWS services are always free to use (Select two)?

Identify and Access Management (IAM), AWS Auto Scaling

A cyber-security agency uses AWS Cloud and wants to carry out security assessments on their own AWS infrastructure without any prior approval from AWS. Which of the following describes/facilitates this practice?

Penetration Testing

AWS Compute Optimizer delivers recommendations for which of the following AWS resources? (Select two)

Amazon EBS volumes, AWS Lambda functions; Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling groups

Which AWS service helps you define your infrastructure as code?

AWS CloudFormation

An intern at an IT company provisioned a Linux based On-demand EC2 instance with per-second billing but terminated it within 30 seconds as he wanted to provision another instance type. What is the duration for which the instance would be charged?

60 seconds

AWS Marketplace facilitates which of the following use-cases? (Select two)

AWS customer can buy software that has been bundled into customized AMIs by the AWS Marketplace sellers; Sell software as a Service (SaaS) solutions to AWS customers

Which of the following options is NOT a feature of Amazon Inspector?

Track configuration changes

An organization deploys its IT infrastructure in a combination of its on-premises data center along with AWS Cloud. How would you categorize this deployment model?

Hybrid deployment

Which AWS service would you choose for a data processing project to store unstructured data?

Amazon DynamoDB

A financial services company wants to migrate from its on-premises data center to AWS Cloud. As a Cloud Practitioner, which AWS service would you recommend so that the company can compare the cost of running their IT infrastructure on-premises vs AWS Cloud?

AWS Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) Calculator

Which AWS service will you use to provision the same AWS infrastructure across multiple AWS accounts and regions?

AWS CloudFormation

Data encryption is automatically enabled for which of the following AWS services? (Select two)?

AWS Storage Gateway; Amazon S3 Glacier

The DevOps team at an e-commerce company is trying to debug performance issues for its serverless application built using a microservices architecture. As a Cloud Practitioner, which AWS service would you recommend addressing this use-case?

AWS X-Ray

Which service gives a personalized view of the status of the AWS services that are part of your Cloud architecture so that you can quickly assess the impact on your business when AWS service(s) are experiencing issues?

AWS Personal Health Dashboard

A developer would like to automate operations on his on-premises environment using Chef and Puppet. Which AWS service can help with this task?

AWS OpsWorks

What is the primary benefit of deploying an RDS database in a Multi-AZ configuration?

Multi-AZ enhances database availability

Which of the following AWS services offer block-level storage? (Select two)

EBS; Instance Store

git clone via ssh command line

 Always coming late to answer anything, it may be possible that you have more than one ssh keys and if not specified git will try to use id_rsa but if you need a different one you could use

git clone git@provider.com:userName/projectName.git --config core.sshCommand="ssh -i ~/location/to/private_ssh_key"

This way it will apply this config and use a key different than id_rsa before actually fetching any data from the git repository.

subsequent fetch or push will use the specified key to authenticate for the cloned repository.

Differences between AWS DevOps and Azure DevOps?

 

Differences between AWS DevOps and Azure DevOps? AWS DevOps and Azure DevOps are both Cloud-based platforms that offer tools and services for software development and delivery. However, there are some key differences between them. AWS DevOps vs Azure DevOps

One key difference between AWS DevOps and Azure DevOps is their focus. While AWS DevOps is primarily focused on providing tools to help developers manage their applications on the AWS cloud platform, Azure DevOps is designed to provide a complete DevOps solution for developers working on any platform, not just Azure. Let's discuss the differences in detail. . .

1. Infrastructure:

Both AWS DevOps and Azure DevOps offer a range of infrastructure services to support continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) pipelines. Here are some differences between the two in terms of infrastructure: Compute Services: AWS offers a range of compute services such as EC2, ECS, EKS, Lambda, Fargate, and Batch. Azure offers services like Virtual Machines, Kubernetes, and Azure Functions. Storage Services: AWS offers a range of storage services like S3, EBS, EFS, Glacier, and AWS Storage Gateway. Azure offers storage services like Azure Blob Storage, Azure Files, and Azure Disk Storage. Database Services: AWS offers database services such as RDS, DynamoDB, and Aurora, whereas Azure offers SQL Database, Cosmos DB, and Azure Database for PostgreSQL. Networking Services: AWS offers networking services like VPC, ELB, Route53, and Direct Connect. Azure offers services like Azure Virtual Network, Azure Load Balancer, Azure Traffic Manager, and Azure ExpressRoute. Container Services: AWS offers services like Amazon ECS, EKS, and Fargate, whereas Azure offers services like Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) and Azure Container Instances. 2. Continuous Integration & Delivery

Both AWS DevOps and Azure DevOps offer a wide range of services for integrating and managing various aspects of the software development lifecycle.

AWS DevOps: Provides a suite of services such as AWS CodePipeline, AWS CodeBuild, AWS CodeDeploy, and AWS CodeCommit that can be used to build, test, and deploy applications in a continuous and automated manner. Supports integration with other AWS services such as Amazon S3, Amazon EC2, AWS Lambda, Amazon CloudWatch, and Amazon Kinesis. Offers support for third-party tools and services such as GitHub, Jenkins, and Atlassian Jira. Azure DevOps: Provides a range of services such as Azure Pipelines, Azure Boards, Azure Artifacts, and Azure Test Plans for managing the software development process. Offers integration with various Azure services such as Azure App Service, Azure Virtual Machines, Azure Kubernetes Service, and Azure Functions. Supports integration with third-party tools and services such as GitHub, Jenkins, and Slack. 3. Managing Packages In a Software

AWS DevOps offers services such as AWS CodeArtifact and AWS Elastic Container Registry (ECR) for managing and storing packages. AWS CodeArtifact is a fully-managed artifact repository service that enables teams to securely store, publish, and share software packages. Azure DevOps provides a similar package management service called Azure Artifacts, which is a universal package management tool that allows teams to manage and share software artifacts like NuGet, npm, and Maven packages. It also provides Azure Container Registry (ACR), a fully-managed Docker container registry service that enables developers to store and manage Docker container images.

4. Pricing

AWS DevOps pricing is based on the usage of their services, including EC2 instances, S3 storage, CodePipeline, and CodeDeploy. The cost will depend on the resources used, the number of users, and the duration of usage. Azure DevOps pricing is based on a per-user model. The cost will depend on the number of users and the services used, including Azure Boards, Azure Repos, Azure Artifacts, Azure Test Plans, and Azure DevOps Server. Both AWS and Azure DevOps offer free tiers for their services. In terms of pricing, AWS DevOps can be more cost-effective for smaller teams and shorter durations of usage, while Azure DevOps can be more cost-effective for larger teams with more users who need access to a wider range of services. In Summary Overall, the choice between AWS DevOps and Azure DevOps depends on the specific needs and preferences of the organization. Both platforms offer robust toolsets and services for managing the SDLC in the cloud, and both have their strengths and weaknesses.

encryptor method in php

 function encryptor($action, $string) {

        $output = false;

        $encrypt_method = "AES-256-CBC";

        //pls set your unique hashing key

        $secret_key = 'secret_key'

        $secret_iv = 'secret_iv'

        // hash

        $key = hash('sha256', $secret_key);

        // iv - encrypt method AES-256-CBC expects 16 bytes - else you will get a warning

        $iv = substr(hash('sha256', $secret_iv), 0, 16);

        //do the encyption given text/string/number

        if ($action == 'encrypt') {

            $output = openssl_encrypt($string, $encrypt_method, $key, 0, $iv);

            $output = base64_encode($output);

        } else if ($action == 'decrypt') {

            //decrypt the given text/string/number

            $output = openssl_decrypt(base64_decode($string), $encrypt_method, $key, 0, $iv);

        }

        return $output;

    }

DevOps journey

Anyone who have learn Linux do following task for practice which I did in my DevOps journey.
1) setup NFS server and client on other machine
2) setup dns server
3) setup dhcp server
4) install and configure load balancer (nginx or haproxy)
5) install teleport (PAM tool)
6) install databases( mariadb, postgres and mongodb) and access from other machine with database client (cli or gui)
7) install WordPress app and add certificates https (self-signed or letsencrypt)
8) install minio storage (s3 compatible) and configure aws cli to use it
9) do ssh tunnel for exposing application securely
10) create a bash script which will do your one of complete task from previous tasks mentioned
You can use Ubuntu/centos or any os
These tasks can make you confident for new tasks